Brian Jenkins asked:


Buying a home is one of the most important decisions that most people will make in their lives. It’s likely to be the most expensive asset that most people will ever purchase. With the average home costing the equivalent of several years’ salary, it’s very rare that anyone can save enough money to pay for their residence with savings. The only option that most people have when they’re ready to buy a house is to borrow money in order to pay for it. A loan that is taken out in order to buy a home is known as a residential mortgage. If you’re planning to buy a home, it’s important to understand what a mortgage is and how it works.

A mortgage is a secured loan.

There are two basic kinds of loans – unsecured and secured. An unsecured loan is money that is lent without any sort of collateral, simply on the good credit of the borrower and their promise to repay it. If the borrower defaults on the loan (fails to make the required payments), the only way for the lender to get its money back is to sue the borrower in court. A secured loan is one where the borrower guarantees payment by putting up collateral. If the borrower fails to make the payments as promised, the bank or lending company has the right to take possession of the collateral and sell it to recover their money.

A mortgage is a secured loan in which the house serves as collateral. When you take out a mortgage on a home, you sign a mortgage note that essentially gives the bank partial ownership of the house. Until you make the final payment on your mortgage, the bank or lending company has the right to foreclose on your home if you fail to make the scheduled payments on your loan. That means that they can take possession of your house and sell it to recover any money that’s still owed to them on the loan.

The mortgage rate is the interest that you pay on your loan.

When you borrow money, the bank charges interest on the money lent to you. The interest is expressed as a percentage of the amount that you borrow multiplied by the length of time you take to pay it back. The length of time that it takes you to pay back the loan is called the term of the loan. Most lenders offer mortgages for terms of twenty years, thirty years or forty years. Some lenders offer mortgages for as short a term as ten years, and the most common term for a mortgage is thirty years.

There are many different kinds of residential mortgages. The best known are fixed rate mortgages (FRM) and adjustable rate mortgages (ARM). They are exactly what the names say. If you take out a fixed rate mortgage, your interest rate is guaranteed to stay the same for the life of the loan. If your mortgage rate at signing is 6.25%, it will remain 6.25% until the entire mortgage is paid off. An adjustable rate mortgage is one where the mortgage rate can change based on an index of some sort. If that index goes up, your interest rate goes up. If it drops, the interest rate drops.

There are advantages and disadvantages to both kinds of mortgages. Because a fixed rate mortgage offers a guarantee against interest rate increases, the interest rate usually starts out higher than the mortgage rate for an ARM for the same amount and term. An ARM will spell out specific conditions under which the interest rate can be changed. Generally, the rate is reconsidered every three, six or twelve months. Some ARMs have low initial rates that are guaranteed for a specific period of time – generally two to five years. After the initial period, the interest rate is subject to adjustment according to a specified schedule.

Mortgages carry other costs and fees in addition to the interest charged.

In addition to the interest, most loans also have other costs and fees associated with them. Those costs are often payable at closing, though they are frequently financed and added to the amount of money borrowed for the mortgage. Other costs must be paid before the loan is closed. The costs may include loan origination fees, a loan broker’s fee, the cost of private mortgage insurance and legal fees. Paying those costs up front can reduce the interest rate as well as the total cost of the loan.

Buying points can reduce the interest rate and the cost of your mortgage.

There are a number of ways that you can reduce the total cost of a mortgage. One of the most common is called “buying points”. When you buy or pay for points on your mortgage, you are paying part of the interest up front. One point will cost you 1% of the face value of the loan. If you’re taking out a mortgage for $100,000, you’ll pay $1,000 a point. For each point that you pay on your mortgage, the lender will reduce the interest rate by a certain amount. The exact amount varies from lender to lender. You can find mortgage points calculators online to help you decide whether or not paying points is a good idea in your situation.

Shawn Thomas asked:


Choosing the right mortgage broker is important, as you want to make sure you save as much money as possible on the mortgage loan that you take out. Being picky about your mortgage broker is more than just a matter of trying to save a few dollars, though – the right mortgage broker will also help ensure that you get the best loan terms available to you, and that you will have someone that you can work with should any changes need to be made to your mortgage loan’s terms. Comparing mortgage brokers is not difficult, but it does require that you have a basic knowledge of what to look for in the mortgage loans that the different brokerages offer to you.

It is important that you understand exactly what a mortgage broker is, of course; unlike a traditional bank or mortgage lender who will offer you a mortgage loan directly, a mortgage broker will pair you with a lender that meets your needs and will act as an intermediary between you and the lender. Because of this you can often get a better deal on a mortgage through a broker than you would be able to directly, since they can do the “shopping around” for you. Different mortgage brokers may offer different rates and terms on the loans that they find for you, however, so it is still important to shop around and compare brokerages before choosing the one that is best for you.

Before you start to compare mortgage brokers, take the time to research the basics of mortgage loans online. Not only will this give you some useful information that can be used as a basis for your comparisons, but you may also be able to learn about mortgage options that you did not know about previously. This does not mean that you have to learn everything that there is about mortgage loans, of course; simply try to cover the basics of loan options, opening and closing costs, and interest rate plans. You may also wish to take the time to find out what the average interest rates in your area are as well as nationwide so that you will have a better idea of how good of a deal the rates that you are being offered are.

Once you have a basic grasp of the mortgage lending process, start looking for mortgage brokers who operate in your area. You should be able to find several using your local telephone directory or internet listings. The more mortgage brokerages there are in your area then the greater your chances will be of finding a good deal on the mortgage loan that you take out, since you will have a number of different options to choose from. Begin contacting each of the brokers that you find and request average interest rate and loan term quotes from each.

When you have collected quotes from a number of different mortgage brokers it is time to begin your comparison. Sort the quotes by the interest rate that is being charged, but make sure that interest is not the only factor that you look at. In addition to the interest rate that you have to pay there may be a number of other costs which can affect how good of a deal a particular mortgage is, and the terms of one mortgage offer may not be as flexible as those of another. Sorting quotes based on interest will at least give you an idea of where the various offers stand based on one of the most obvious factors of the mortgage, however, and can also make it easy to eliminate the offerings of any broker whose rates are much higher than the others.

You may also list the points next to each loan’s interest rate. Points are a percentage of the loan you pay either at closing or rolled into the mortgage principal that acts as a “buy down” of the interest rate. For example, a rate that is 1% lower than a comparable loan may have 1 to 3 points attached to it whereas loan number two has zero points. Depending on the amount you are borrowing, one of these loans may be less expensive than the other. Your particular situation will determine which has the lower overall cost.

Begin comparing the quotes that you have received based on the estimated monthly payments you will have to make, opening and closing costs, and any specialized terms or conditions that certain mortgage quotes might have. Read through the quotes of the mortgage brokers several times to make sure that you have all of the information that you need for your comparison, and begin removing quotes from consideration when you find them to be more expensive or to have more strict terms than some of the other quotes. Continue reducing your potential mortgage loan quotes until only two or three remain so that you can compare them more closely before choosing a mortgage broker. Once you have finished the comparison you should have an idea of the broker who will find you the best deal on your mortgage so that you can then begin the process of getting the exact loan that is right for you.

Brian Jenkins asked:


There are both advantages and disadvantages to adjustable rate mortgages. Your lender may be pushing an adjustable rate mortgage for any number of reasons, including that they are more profitable for the lending company. If you only look at the advantages of an adjustable rate mortgage, they can sound pretty good. You start with a lower interest rate, which means lower monthly payments. Because of the lower payments and rate, you may be able to afford a larger mortgage. Your lender may be pitching it as a way to buy a bigger house than you could otherwise afford, or suggest that it’s a good way to get into the housing market. Most commonly, the lender may suggest that you should take the adjustable rate mortgage for now, and refinance later when the rates adjust up.

While all of these things are true, there are also cons to an adjustable rate mortgage. It’s important that you consider both sides of the issue before making a decision on the type of mortgage that you want to take out.

What an adjustable rate mortgage is

Unlike a fixed mortgage, which comes with a specific interest rate that remains the same for the life of the loan, an adjustable rate mortgage (ARM) has an interest rate that fluctuates according to a specified index. Your adjustable rate may be tied to the interest rate on Treasury Bonds, to the Consumer Price Index or to a number of other indicators. If that index rises, your interest rate – and your monthly payment – will rise. If it drops, so will your interest rate and monthly payment.

Why adjustable rate mortgages can be attractive

When lenders approve a fixed rate mortgage, they are placing a finite limit on the amount of money they’ll make from that mortgage. An adjustable rate mortgage offers the lender the possibility of making more money if interest rates rise over the life of the loan – which is a good possibility. To offset the limit on fixed rate mortgages and make adjustable rate mortgages more attractive to home buyers, lenders typically offer lower interest rates on adjustable rate mortgages than they do on fixed rate mortgages. In essence, they are offering borrowers a more attractive rate in return for assuming the risk that their mortgage rate and monthly payment will rise over the term of the loan.

The down side of adjustable rate mortgages

When looked at in that light, some of the cons of an adjustable rate mortgage become obvious.

1. Interest rates can go up, raising monthly payments as well.

Most borrowers understand and accept that their monthly mortgage payment may rise, but are willing to take the chance that their mortgage will continue to remain affordable. It’s important to know the caps on interest rate rises by which your lender is bound. When you shop around for the best adjustable mortgage, it’s important to look further than the initial interest rate so that you understand exactly what expenses you may be agreeing to.

2. Over time, payments nearly always surpass the payments on a fixed rate loan for the same amount.

If you’re planning to stay in your home for the long haul, this can be an important consideration. Depending on the specific loan agreement that you make, it may be several years before the interest rate and monthly payment reach and surpass the monthly payment for a fixed mortgage. If you’re only planning to stay in your new home for a few years, this can work to your advantage, because you’ll be paying lower monthly payments for most of that time. If, on the other hand, this is your dream home where you plan to live the rest of your life, a fixed rate mortgage is probably more economical.

3. Fluctuating payments can make it difficult for you to make a budget.

While many ARMs only adjust once a year, some may adjust as often as once a month. More frequent adjustments can make it very difficult to fit your monthly mortgage payment into your budget because you will only know what your next month’s payment will be when you receive your notice. Even in the longer term, a fluctuating mortgage payment can make it difficult for you to plan long-term savings and investments.

4. If fixed rate mortgages become favorable enough that you decide to switch, you’ll have to refinance and incur the costs and fees related to refinancing your mortgage.

5. The annual interest cap may not apply to the first interest adjustment, and it may be a big one.

Many lenders offer very low initial interest rates on ARMs to attract first time home buyers. Often, these mortgages exempt the first increase from the annual cap on adjustments. This can be especially difficult if the ARM was one of the hybrids that offered a low fixed rate for one to five years, with a jump to market interest rates at the end of the specified period. When that happens, your monthly mortgage payment can suddenly rise by hundreds or even more than a thousand dollars.